Afterwards , continue on towards the Great sphinx , the Sphinx has the head of a pharaoh with a lion body. and dated back to the time of Khephren this Sphinx was made to Guard the pyramid of King Chefren , Next , Visit the Valley Temple which belonged to the Pyramid of Chefren the temple acted as a place to mummification process of the kin before burial . then head to Memphis the oldest Capital .

The oldest structures in Cairo date back only to the last couple of centuries BC during Greco-Roman period; however, on the fringes of the city stand the Giza Pyramids, some of the oldest structures on Earth. Despite their proximity to Cairo, the difference in age between the pyramids and the city itself are proof of their different histories. The pyramids at Giza and elsewhere in the desert near Cairo are a part of the legacy of an older city and civilization that fell into decline long before Cairo was founded. This civilization named this area Memphis, which was the seat of power to the Old Kingdom (2686—2181 BC) of Ancient Egypt, home to the pharaohs that raised the pyramids.

Saqqara is one of several other notable necropolis sites near Cairo that offer impressive sights and hold great archaeological significance. In fact, Saqqara may hold more interest to archaeologists than Giza. The huge site hosts burials dating from before the beginning of the Old Kingdom up through the Greek Period of Egyptian history. The most famous structure by far at Saqqara is Djoser’s Step Pyramid. Dating from the 3rd dynasty (2667—2448 BC), it was the first all-stone complex ever built on earth. It also displays an important architectural innovation for the construction of the Giza Pyramids and other later pyramids in the 4th dynasty and later. Djoser’s pyramid was the first to use multiple mastabas (rectangular tomb structures) stacked on top of one another to form a step pyramid.This construction set the stage for the smooth sides of the Giza Pyramids and the smaller 5th and 6th dynasty pyramids that are found at Saqqara and other sites nearby, such as Dahshur and Abu Sir.