The Latins unequivocally mention that Biturica, the ancient Illyrian vine, was the mother of the Carmenet grape family (including Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Merlot, Petit Verdot, etc.), and perhaps Biturica minori (Gamay grape variety) originated from Durrës (Albania). When the Romans took over in 168 BC, the region was divided into different provinces, and the wine produced in the area was definitely celebrated for its unique flavor. Local winemaking continued until the start of Ottoman rule in the late 15th century. From then on, it was a very long road to independence for Albania. And as was the case in other Islamic nations, wine production dipped drastically due to the dietary restrictions of the faith. From 1944 to 1992, Albania was under socialist rule. During this time, almost all wineries and plantations were dedicated to producing wine for export. By 1990, Albania had a vineyard area of about 18,000 to 20,000 hectares.