Some of the most noteworthy remains of human habitation east in Jordan are the castles built by the Ummayad caliphates during the growing days of Islam (7th & 8th centuries CE). During the height of the Umayyad dynasty, architecture flourished due to the cultural exchange, which was also accompanied by major trade routes. The Umayyad dynasty was later overthrown by the Abbasids, in 750 CE, and architecture consequently changed and evolved which can also be exhibited in Jordan. Many relics and remains of the early and medieval Islamic periods still stand today in Jordan and are dotted around in the deserts of eastern Jordan. These ruins include castles, forts, baths, towers, and fortified ruins and are collectively known as the desert castles. The fine frescoes, mosaics, stone and stucco carvings, inspired by Persian and Greco-Roman traditions, unveil and portray life and customs during the 8th century. Begin the tour with a morning pick up from any hotel in Amman. Travel in a climate-controlled vehicle with a private English-speaking driver across Jordan’s rugged countryside. Journey out of Amman and into the arid landscape and observe the hot dry sand of Jordan spread out every direction. Pull up at Qasr Al-Azraq; a large fortress named after a nearby oasis. Built from black basalt rock, this fortress was once a hunting retreat for the Umayyad rulers and an important military base during the Byzantine period. This imposing castle was used by T.E Lawrence (the 20th-century British soldier and the Arab revolt leader) during the Arab Revolt against the Turks.