Sterkfontein Caves Early Discoveries: The caves' scientific importance was recognized in the late 19th century when miners uncovered fossils. Systematic excavations began in the 1930s.Key Fossil Finds: "Mrs. Ples," a nearly complete Australopithecus africanus skull, was discovered in 1947 by Dr. Robert Broom. "Little Foot," a nearly complete Australopithecus skeleton, was found in the 1990s by Ronald J. Clarke. Ongoing Significance: Sterkfontein is one of the richest sites for early hominin fossils, providing crucial evidence for understanding human evolution. Management: The University of the Witwatersrand has been instrumental in managing and conducting research at the Sterkfontein Caves since 1966. Recent Developments: The caves were closed in 2022 due to flooding and reopened to the public on April 15, 2025. Maropeng Purpose: Maropeng, meaning "returning to the place of origin" in Setswana, is the official visitor center for the Cradle of Humankind.